Emmanuel Xanthos (Greek: Εμμανουήλ Ξάνθος) (1772 – November 28, 1852) was a founder of the Filiki Eteria ("Society of Friends"), a Greek conspiratorial organization against the Ottoman Empire.[1][2]
Xanthos was born on the Aegean island of Patmos in Greece. He emigrated to Italy as a youngster and he was initiated in the Freemasonic Lodge of Lefkada ("Society of Free Builders of St. Mavra"), before finally settling in Odessa, Russia. While there, he became acquainted with Nikolaos Skoufas and Athanasios Tsakalov. The three men came up with the idea of founding a secret organization to prepare the ground for Greek independence and together they founded Filiki Eteria in 1814 in Odessa[2]. In 1818, the three partners moved to Constantinople to further their cause. There in July, Skoufas fell ill and died leaving Xanthos as one of the two leaders of the organization. Xanthos was dedicated to the Greek War of Independence which started in 1821.
During the war Xanthos organized from Austria the escape of Alexander Ypsilantis, the later leader of Filiki Eteria, who was at the time held captive in the Mugach prison. Before his death he wrote his Memoir (Απομνημονεύματα) which was published in 1854 and are now an important source of historical information about the inner workings of the Greek War of Independence.